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HSV-1 is a lifelong viral infection

"Seventeen eligible cigarette brands (between 3 and 5 brands from each country) were selected on the basis of national sales and nicotine yield to identify popular brands with a range of ventilation," the researchers wrote

A 2025 study found that users who had completely switched from cigarettes to IQOS for two or more years showed favorable differences across all nine biomarkers of potential harm (e.g., endothelial function, platelet activation, oxidative stress), compared to continuing smokers, with IQOS users values approaching those observed in former smokers

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Interestingly, the maximum lifespan and half life expectancy of nicotine treated control flies were significantly reduced from 18 to 16 weeks, and from 14 to 13 weeks respectively (Fig